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Medications For Anxiety Disorder and Depression Medications help many people manage anxiety, but they aren't the only option. Exercise and psychotherapy can also be effective treatments. Certain antidepressants are effective in treating anxiety, as well as SSRIs like citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro) and the fluoxetine (Prozac) and paroxetine (Paxil) and sertraline (Zoloft). Others, like histamine blockers such as Vistaril (hydroxyzine) can offer relief. Antidepressants Your doctor may prescribe medication to treat depression. Antidepressants are among the most frequently prescribed drugs, and there are many types to choose from. The type of antidepressant your doctor prescribes will be based on your symptoms, any other medical conditions, and treatment goals. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are among the most commonly prescribed antidepressants. They work by altering the way your brain's nerve cells communicate. These drugs work by increasing the quantity of neurotransmitters in your brain which helps improve your mood and reduces anxiety. Antidepressants can take several weeks to show results, so be patient and stick to your regimen. Benzodiazepines can also be prescribed by your doctor to treat depression or anxiety. They are quick-acting and can help alleviate depression and anxiety symptoms in a short time. Examples of benzodiazepines include lorazepam and alprazolam. They block the actions of noradrenaline and adrenaline which are hormones involved in the fight or flight response. Monoamine inhibitors of oxidase are a type of antidepressant which can be effective in treating depression and anxiety. They're typically reserved for people who don't respond to other types of antidepressants, and they require dietary adjustments to avoid hypertensive reactions caused by interactions with amino acids like tyramine. If you're taking a prescription antidepressant inform your doctor about the other medications you're taking, such as supplements and vitamins. You may need to reduce the dose if other medications affect the way antidepressants function or if there are side effects. If you suspect you're having thoughts of suicide, get assistance right away from a medical professional. You may have different symptoms for depression and anxiety, or you may be suffering from comorbid anxiety and depression. People who have comorbid anxiety and depression have a worse medical prognosis than those with only one disorder. Certain psychiatric medications have been proven to be particularly effective in treating both disorders in people with comorbid anxiety and depression. Benzodiazepines Anxiety symptoms can be relieved through benzodiazepines. They include alprazolam (Xanax), clonazepam (Klonopin) as well as chlordiazepoxide (Librium) diazepam (Valium) and lorazepam (Ativan). These medications act on the central nervous system's benzodiazepine receptors, which are proteins that consist of five transmembrane subunits which shape a benzyl chloride channel in the center. The benzodiazepine receptors also possess a binding site for the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutryic acid type A (GABA-A). The benzodiazepines decrease nerve activity by increasing levels of GABA-A. The benzodiazepines have a fast start of action, but they have a high risk of dependence and addiction. Antipsychotics and antidepressants, along with anticonvulsants and buspirone are slower in the onset of action, but are still better for long-term usage, since they don't cause tolerance or create addiction. Depression can be associated with anxiety disorders, and antidepressants may help alleviate the symptoms of depression associated with underlying anxiety. However, many people suffering from depression experience a mixture of depressive and anxious symptoms and will need an array of medications and therapy to manage all of their symptoms. In these instances benzodiazepines can be employed for a brief period to treat depression or anxiety symptoms while other medications take effect. These medications are usually prescribed for a short period of time, and not for daily. These medicines should not be used for extended periods of time as they can trigger withdrawal symptoms like shaking or difficulty sleeping. If you're thinking of taking benzodiazepines, tell your doctor about any previous dependence or substance abuse issues and any other mental health issues you suffer from. Your doctor can talk about possible adverse effects and suggest other medications to treat your depression, if necessary. Benzodiazepines can cause serious, even life-threatening complications in the event that you consume too much or have never used them before. If you are pregnant or nursing or have a history of liver disease or respiratory or digestive disorders or liver disease, your doctor might limit the duration of treatment or prescribe lower doses. Alcohol can interact negatively with benzodiazepines, thereby increasing the risk of side-effects and dependence. It is recommended to avoid drinking alcohol while taking these medications. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are a drug that can help control anxiety symptoms. They are a different type of drug from benzodiazepines like Xanax and are able to block receptors that adrenaline bonds to. They also reduce brain and nervous system functions. They can be utilized as an alternative to benzodiazepines, which are more addictive and have a higher dependency risk. Beta blockers are frequently prescribed to treat heart problems and are effective in treating anxiety because they reduce blood pressure and slow down the heart rate. However, they're not specifically approved by the FDA to treat of anxiety disorders. These medications are used “off-label” to treat anxiety disorder s. They are an excellent alternative if other antianxiety drugs aren't working or have undesirable adverse negative effects. They are especially effective in cases of performance anxiety and social anxiety, where physical symptoms can be experienced when an event triggers anxiety. They can also be used in conjunction with other treatment options for example, CBT or SSRIs. They are particularly effective as an add-on therapy for people suffering from GAD, which is characterized by constant and unremitting worry that affects daily activities. They can also aid in managing the physical symptoms of anxiety, like an increased heart rate or sweating. Beta-blockers may help manage physical symptoms of anxiety but they do not address the underlying psychological issues that cause the condition. They are best used as a complement to other treatments like benzodiazepines and SSRIs. It is essential to discuss your medical history and other health concerns with your physician prior to taking beta-blockers. The use of these drugs has been linked to a reduction in suicidal and psychiatric hospitalisations, but the results vary by specific psychiatric diagnosis and psychiatric history prior to the diagnosis. In certain patients, they can increase the risk of heart attacks. Certain natural products contain similar properties to beta-blockers, but they aren't as effective. These include antioxidants as well as garlic, saffron and potassium. These natural supplements are not fully comprehended. Some of these products may cause serious side-effects, so it is best to consult a physician prior to taking these supplements. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) function by altering the way your brain works. They block the monoamine oxide enzyme, which breaks down chemicals such as serotonin, norepinephrine and other chemical compounds that let your brain cells to communicate with one another. By blocking monoamine oxidase MAOIs help to keep more of these chemical messengers in your brain, which improves your mood through improved brain cell communication. These medications are also effective in treating anxiety disorders, specifically agoraphobia and mixed depression-anxiety states. However, they are less effective in states of pure anxiety and may not be helpful in panic attacks. The effectiveness of MAOIs is due to the fact that they raise levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters, produced naturally in the body and released into the bloodstream, where they travel to nerves cells and serve as messengers. Iproniazid was the first antidepressant to be developed in 1950. It inhibited monoamine oxidease. This led to the development of other MAOIs like tranylcypromine and isocarboxazid, which have been used for a long time to combat depression. MAOIs are usually prescribed after other types of antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, have been tried without success. MAOIs could trigger serious withdrawal symptoms if suddenly stopped. They can also trigger serious food and drug interactions. A newer type of MAOI, called MAO-A, a selective and irreversible inhibitor, is being investigated for use in treatment resistant depression. It is not recommended to be used in bipolar disorder because it may cause manic symptoms. Another newer MAOI, selegiline (Eldepryl or Zelapar), is being studied for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It blocks monoamine oxidase but does not interfere with other enzymes that break down levodopa, the main treatment for Parkinson's. These medications can be taken as a stand-alone treatment or in conjunction with other antidepressants. MAOIs may cause hyperreflexia and increased neuromuscular excitation in certain patients. This can manifest itself as eyelid twitching or muscle flickering. These reactions are more prevalent when these medications are taken in conjunction with certain food items like aged cheeses and preserved meats.